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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. A. DELANO & F. A. HARDY GRINDING AND POLISHING MACHINE.

No. 512,012. Patented Jan. Z, 1894.

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I lllmml withcasess Jkl enbbhs (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 E. A. DELANO & P. A. HARDY.

GRINDING AND POLISHING MACHINE. v No. 512,012. Patented Jan. 2, 1894 Fire 2. 1 D M N H w 1 El F E Ft 1 I I F I;

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(No Model.) 7 3 sheets -sheet 3.

E. A. .DELANO 8v P. A. HARDY.

GRINDING AND POLISHING MAGHINE,

PatpntedJan. Z, 1894.

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EBEN A. DELANO, OF CHICAGO, AND

PATENT OEEicE,

FRANCIS A. HARDY, OF EVANSTON,

ILLINOIS; SAID DELANO ASSIGNOR TO SAID HARDY.

GRINDING AND POLISHING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 512,012, dated January 2. 1894.

Application filed March 21, 1893.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, EBEN A. DELANO, residing at Ohicago, and FRANCIS A. HARDY, residing at Evanston, in the county of Cook, State of Illinois, citizens of the United States, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Grinding and Polishing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to a machine for grinding and polishing, and more especially to a machine for grinding and polishing lenses. As is well understood in the art, such amachine comprises a part known as a block, to which the lenses are secured, and a part known as a lap, which does the grinding and polishing. The block and lap have com- I plementary surfaces of the shape that it is desired to grind the lenses to, and provision is made for moving either the block or lap. Whether the one or the other is moved depends upon circumstances.

The present invention is concerned purely with mechanism for imparting movement to whichever of these parts happens to be the movable one in any particular machine, Whether it be the block or the lap. We desire to have it understood, therefore, that whenever either of these terms is used in this specification, the other may be substituted without departing from the spirit of our invention. For the sake of brevity and clearness, however, the block will be regarded, for the purpose of this specification, as the movable part.

One of the principal objects of the present invention is to provide means whereby the machine for grinding cylindrical surfaces may be operated by a shaft or spindle such as is customarily used in machines for grinding spherical surfaces. To this end this feature of the invention consists in the combina-v tion with a spindle having the customary crank for engaging the block, a guiding mechanism for restraining the movement of the block, and maintaining the block and lap in such relative positions that their axes shall be at all times parallel. So far as this particular feature of our invention is concerned,

we desire to have it understood that the invention is not limited to any particular mech- Serial No. 467,019- (No model.)

anism for thus guiding and restraining the movement of the block, but, on the contrary, it includes in its broadest aspect any means for accomplishing this result.

Another object of the invention is to improve and simplify the mechanism for converting the rotary movementof the shaft and transmitting it to the block. This feature of the invention includes an internal gear, and a gear wheel of smaller diameter located within and adapted to roll upon the internal gear so as to impart to the block an epicycloidal movement. \Ve are aware that, broadly considered, gearing of this general description is not new in a grinding machine, and therefore desire to have it understood that this feature of our invention is restricted to certain novel combinations of parts that are pointed out in the claims.

These two features of our invention, viz., the means for guiding and restraining the movement of the block and the means for converting and transmitting the movement of the spindle to the block, are, in a measure,

independent, and the one may be used without the other. \Ve prefer, however, to combine them in machines for certain purposes, as will appear more fully hereinafter.

In the accompanying drawings, which are made a part of this specification:-Figure 1 is a perspectiveview of a machine for grinding cylindrical surfaces, embodying the in vention. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation thereof, the cutting plane being parallel with the axis of the block and lap. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of a machine for grinding cy-- lindrical surfaces, embodying one feature of the invention, viz., the means for guiding and restraining the movement of the block. Figs. 4 and 5 are sectional elevations of a machine for grinding cylindrical surfaces, embodying the two principal features of the invention, each in its preferred form. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section of a machine for grinding either spherical or fiat surfaces, embodying one feature of the invention, viz., the means for converting the movement of the shaft and transmitting it to the block.

The frame maybe of any desired construction, and wherever it appears in the drawings it is indicated by the letter A. To it are secured suitable boxes B, in which is journaled a vertical shaft or spindle 0 provided with suitable means for receiving motion from some source, as, for example, a pulley D, over which passes a belt E. To the lower end of this shaft is secured a head C having diametrically through itan opening in which fits one arm of a crank F, which is secured in place by means of a binding screw F. All of the parts thus far described are similar to those used in spherical grinding machines of customary construction.

In Figs. 1, 2, and 3, G represents a lap for grinding cylindrical surfaces, having on its under side a short stem G which occupies a socket A fixed to the frame, whereby the lap is supported and held against movement in any direction.

H represents the complementary block, having upon its top side two pairs of lugs h.

I, I are links connected by a cross-bar 2', and having at their upper ends bearings t", adapted to receive pivots J that are fixed to the machine by some suitable means, such, for example, as perforated blocks J, secured to the frame by means of bolts. The pivots J constitute the axis upon which the links swing, and are so situated that their own axes are coincident with each other and parallel with the axis of the block and lap. At their lower ends the links carry a pair of stout steel rods I, whose axes are coincident with each other and parallel with the axis of the block and lap. These rods projectover the block and occupy the spaces between the two pairs of lugs h. 1

As shown in Fig. 8, the block has a central perforation in which fits the lower extremity of the crank F. When the shaftOis rotated in the direction of the arrow, the block will be caused to move so that every portion of it will travel in a circular path similar to the path traveled by the extremity of the crank F. In this figure only sections of the links I are shown, but it will be understood that their construction is the same as above described, and as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. As the block travels in this circular path its rotation, or movement about its own vertical axis, is restrained by the guiding mechanism above described, the movement of the links about their pivots J permitting the block to move laterally with relation to the lap, and the rods I permitting it to move longitudinally. By this means the block and lap are maintained in such relative positions that their axes are at all times parallel.

It is found that in practice the tendency of the block to rotate upon its own vertical axis is considerable, and that, therefore, the friction between the guide rods I and lugs it causes these parts to wear to such an extent as to permit the block to move from its proper place. In order to avoid this we prefer to use the mechanism shown in Figs. 4 and 5 for guiding and restraining the movement of the block. This mechanism consists of a pair of parallel links K, each pivotally connected at one end to the top of the block, and at the other end pivoted to a plate L. The connection between the links K and the block is of such a nature that the block is capable of movement relative to the links, and the connection between the links and plate L is of such a nature that the links may move freely in a plane parallel to the surface of the plate. The plate is in turn connected to a second plate M by means of a horizontal pivotm that permits the plate L to move in a vertical plane relatively to the plate M, but prevents the two plates from moving relatively to each other in any other direction. In order to increase'the bearin g surface between these two plates, so as to prevent one from rocking or wabbling on the other, their meeting faces are provided with flanges Z, m, respectively. The plate M is provided with a pairof lugs M having threaded perforations in which fit screws M having in their ends conical sockets for receiving the conical pivots nthat project from the upper end of a link N, the lower end of which is provided with similar pivots fitting in conical sockets in similar bearing screws n that occupy perforations in lugs 0 formed on a suitable base 0 that is securely bolted to some fixed part of the frame. With this arrangement the swinging movement of the link N permits the block to move laterally with relation to the lap; the movement of the links K about theirpivots 7c permits the block to move longitudinally with relation to the lap, and in a plane parallel withits own axis; and the movement of the plate L about the pivot m permits the block to have an endwise rocking movement in a plane perpendicular to its own surface. This latter movement is necessary where it is desired to grind a surface that is cylindrical or curved in two directions.

This completes the description of the mechanism for preventing the rotation of the block. This mechanism is capable of many modifications, and may be used in combination with various means for transmitting the movement of the shaft 0 to the block. We believe that we are the first, however, to use any mechanism for preventing the rotation of the block, in combination with any mechanism for transmitting to the block movement from a shaft whose axis is perpendicular, or substantially perpendicular, to the grinding surface. The preferred mechanism for transmitting this movement is shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4:, 5, and 6, and is constructed as follows:

P is an internal gear secured directly to the top side of the block, and Q is a smaller gear Wheel located within and meshing with the internal gear P. The gear wheel Q has a number of sockets q, any one of which is adapted to receive the end of the crank F. One of these sockets may be located concen trically'with the periphery of the wheel Q, while the others a'relocated eccentrically, for a purpose that will appear presently.

With the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 (where the point of connection of the crank F with the block is fixed) any given point of the block travels in a circular path similar to the path traveled by the end of the crank, and never deviates from this path.

With the arrangement shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, if the crank F engages the central perforation of the wheel Q, any given point of the block will follow the path of an epicycloidal curve, and by reason of the differential character of the gears P and Q many revolutions of the shaft 0 will be necessary in order to bring the parts to such positions that any given point of the block will come again upon a path that it has before traveled.

If the crank F engages the gear wheel Q eccentrically, such wheel becomes an eccentric, and its action will be eccentric. The block will make its widest sweep in the line of the greatest radius of the eccentric, and, as the eccentric is constantly rotating, this line is constantly changing.

In Fig. 6 we have shown the mechanism for transmitting movement from the shaft to the block, as applied to a machine in which.

the block is not restrained against rotation, as, for example, in a machine for grinding either spherical or flat surfaces.

In the foregoing part of this specification, and also inthe following claims, the internal gear has been spoken of as attached to the block, and the rolling gear wheel as engaged by the crank of the shaft, but we desire to have it understood that our invention comprehends also the transposition of these parts; that is to say, the attaching of the gear wheel to the block and the engaging of the' internal gear by the crank.

What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a grinding and polishing machine the combination with the block and lap and a shaft located with its axis perpendicular to the plane of the grinding surface, of means for transmitting motion from the shaft to the block, and a guide for preventing the rotation of the block, substantially as set forth.

2. In a machine for grinding and polishing cylindrical surfaces the combination with the block and lap having cylindrical grinding surfaces, and a shaft located with its axis perpendicular to said surfaces, of means for transmitting motion from the shaft to the block, and guiding mechanism for maintaining the block and lap with their axes parallel, substantially as set forth.

3. In a grinding and polishing machine the combination with the block and lap, of a shaft, means for transmitting movement from the shaft to the block, guiding mechanism for preventing the rotation of the block, said mechanism having a link pivoted upon an axis that is parallel to the axis of the block andlap, and connections between said link and the block, substantially as set forth.

4. In a grinding and polishing machine the combination with the block and lap, of a shaft located with its axis perpendicular to the grinding surface, a crank carried by the shaft and adapted to impart motion to the block, and means for preventing the block from r0 tating upon the crank, substantially as set forth.

5. In a grinding and polishing machine the combination with the block and lap, and means for imparting movement to the block, of parallel links engaging the block, a plate to which said links are pivotally connected, and means for supportingsaid plate and permitting it to move toward or from the axis of motion of the block, substantially as set forth.

6. In a grinding and polishing machine the combination with the block and lap, a shaft and means for transmitting motion from the shaft to the block, of universally jointed mechanism for preventing the rotation of the block, substantially as set forth.

7. In a grinding and polishing machine the combination with the block and lap, a shaft and means for transmitting movement from the shaft to the block, of the parallel links K pivotally connected to the block, the plate L to which said links are pivoted, the pivoted link N, and means pivotally connecting link N and plate L, substantially as set forth.

8. In a grinding and polishing machine the combination with the block and lap, a shaft and means for transmitting motion from the shaft to the block, of the parallel links K, the plate L' to which they are pivotally connected, the plate M to which the plate L is connected, and the link N pivoted at one end and having its other end pivotally connected to the plate M, substantially as set forth.

9. In a grinding and polishing machine the combination with the block and lap, a shaft and means for transmitting motion from the shaft to the block, of the parallel links K, the plate L to which they are pivotally connected, and the plate M to which the plate L is pivotally connected, the plate M being movable toward and from the block and lap, substantially as set forth.

10. In a grinding and polishing machine the combination with the block and lap, a shaft and means for transmitting movement from the shaft to the block,of the parallel links K, plate L to which they are pivotally connected, the plate M, the horizontal pivot m connecting the plates L and M, and the link N pivoted at one end and at the other end pivotally connected to the plate M, substantially as set forth.

11. In agrinding and polishing machine the combination with the block and lap, and a shaft of an internal gear secured to the block, a gear wheel located within and meshing with the internal gear, and a crank carried by the shaft and engaging the gear wheel, substantially as set forth.

12. In a grinding and polishing machine the combination with the block and lap and a shaft, of an internal gear carried by the block,

a gear wheel located within and meshing with the internal gear, and a crank carried by the shaft and engaging the gear wheel eccentrically, substantially as set forth.

13. In a grinding and polishing machine the combination with the block and lap and a shaft, of an internal gear carried by the block, a gear Wheel located within and meshing with the internal gear, a crank carried by the shaft and engaging said gear wheel, and mechanism engaging the block and preventing its rotation, substantially as set forth.

14. In a grinding and polishing machine the 

